Heat large pot of water with the salt over medium to high heat. When it is boiling, add the pasta and cook per package directions.
Add the sweet Italian sausage to a large saute pan and brown. Then remove it from the pan with the drippings. However, do not wipe out the pan.
Add in the shallots and fennel and cook for 4-5 minutes. Stir regularly. Then add in the butter and garlic and cook for 4 minutes, stirring regularly.
Add in the white wine and deglaze the pan by scraping all the brown bits. Let the wine reduce to about 1/4 and then add in the chicken broth. Add in the heavy cream, fresh herbs and let simmer for about 3 minutes.
Add the sausage back in and and the pasta water. Mix everything together well before adding in the pasta. Mix well again.
Remove from the heat and add the kale, mix until the kale begins to wilt. Because it has a lot of volume before it is wilted, you might have to add it one cup at a time.
Add the smoked gouda cheese and mix before serving with additional fresh herbs, salt and pepper to taste.